The prevalence of glucose metabolism disturbances in Chinese Muslims and possible risk factors: a study from northwest China / Prevalência e possíveis fatores de risco de distúrbios no metabolismo da glicose em chineses muçulmanos: um estudo no noroeste da China

Objective To survey the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) in the Muslim population in northwest China, and discuss the risk factor. Materials and methods According to the income and the population, we randomly selected 3 villages with stratified and cluster sampling. The subjects were residents ≥ 20 years of age, and were from families which have been local for > 3 generations. The questionnaire and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were completed and analyzed for 660 subjects. Results The prevalence of DM and PDM between the Han and Muslim populations were different (P = 0.041). And the prevalence were also different with respect to age in the Han (P < 0.001) and Muslim population (P < 0.001) respectively. Except for the 20-year-old age group the prevalence of DM and PDM within the Muslim population was higher than the Han (P = 0.013), we did not find any significant difference for other age groups (P > 0.05). The intake of salt (P < 0.001) and edible oil (P < 0.001) in the Muslim population was higher than the Han, while cigarette smoking (P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) was lower. BMI (P < 0.001), age (P = 0.025), and smoking cigarettes (P = 0.011) were risk factors for DM and PDM, but alcohol consumption (P < 0.001) was a protective factor. Conclusions In northwest China, the prevalence of DM was higher in the Muslim population, and it was special higher on the 20-year-old age compared to the Han. This might be explained by the potential genetic differences and poor dietary habits. .

Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de diabetes melito (DM) e pré-diabetes melito (PDM) na população muçulmana no noroeste da China e discutir os fatores de risco. Materiais e métodos Selecionamos três vilarejos de acordo com a renda e a população, usando uma amostra estratificada e por cluster. Os sujeitos eram residentes com ≥ 20 anos de idade e de famílias que estavam no local há mais de três gerações. Foram feitos e analisados um questionário e o teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG) para 660 sujeitos. Resultados A prevalência do DM e PDM entre as populações Han e muçulmana foi diferente (P = 0,041), e as prevalências também foram diferentes com relação à idade na população Han (P < 0,001) e muçulmana (P < 0,001), respectivamente. Exceto pela faixa etária de 20 anos de idade, a prevalência do DM e PDM na população muçulmana foi maior do que na população Han (P = 0,013), não havendo diferenças significativas para as outras faixas etárias (P > 0,05). A ingestão de sal (P < 0,001) e óleos comestíveis (P < 0,001) na população muçulmana foi mais alta do que na população Han, enquanto o tabagismo (P < 0,001) e consumo de álcool (P < 0,001) foram mais baixos. O IMC (P < 0,001), a idade (P = 0,025) e o tabagismo (P = 0,011) foram fatores de risco para o DM e PDM, mas o consumo de álcool (P < 0,001) foi um fator protetor. Conclusões No noroeste da China, a prevalência de DM é maior na população muçulmana e é especialmente mais alta na faixa etária de 20 anos de idade, quando comparada com a população Han. Isso pode ser explicado por diferenças genéticas potenciais e hábitos alimentares ruins. .

Macrosomia fetal: prevalencia, factores de riesgo asociados y complicaciones en el Hospital Regional de Ica, Perú / Fetal macrosomia: prevalence, risk factors associated and complications in the Regional Hospital in Ica, Peru

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de macrosomía fetal, identificar los factores de riesgo materno asociados y las principales complicaciones de los recién nacidos macrosómicos atendidos en un hospital de la provincia de Ica, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal, incluyó a 129 recién nacidos macrosómicos, durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre del 2,002.Resultados:De 2,550 recién nacidos en el periodo de estudio, 129 (5%) fueron macrosómicos, la edad materna fue de 31 a 40 años en el 58%, el peso habitual de 70 a 99 Kg. en el por81%, multiparidad 65% y embarazo prolongado 7%. El 53% nació por parto vaginal y el 47% cesárea. El sexo predominante fue el femenino con el 62%, el Apgar promedio entre 7 y 10 al minuto representó el 93%, la edad gestacional por examen físico (Test de Capurro) fue de 37 a 41 semanas en el 93% de los casos. Respecto al peso al nacimiento 99.2%pesó entre 4,000 y 4,999gr, 0.8% pesó más de 5,000gr. (Peso promedio 4,194gr,mínimo 4,000gr, máximo 5,180gr). La morbilidad neonatal representó el 30%. No tuvimos mortalidad neonatal. Las principales complicaciones fueron: 5%hiperbilirrubinemia, 2% hipoxia perinatal, 8% hipoglucemia y 15% trauma obstétrico. Conclusiones: La Prevalencia de macrosomía fue 5%, los factores maternos asociados fueron: la edad materna mayor de 30 años y el peso promedio habitual de la madre mayor de 70 Kg, multiparidad y embarazo prolongado. El sexo predominante fue el femenino. No hubo diferencia significativa en lo referente a la vía de terminación del parto. Las principales complicaciones fueron: traumatismo obstétrico (cefalohematoma, caput sucedaneum y fractura de clavícula), hiperbilirrubinemia e hipoglucemia. (AU)

Objective: To Determine the prevalence of fetal macrosomia, identify the maternal risk factors associated and the main complications of macrosomic newborns treated at a hospital in the province of Ica, Peru. Methods: Descriptive study, retrospective, cross-sectional, included 129 macrosomic newborns, during the period from January 1 to December 31 of January 2002.Results:Of 2550 newborns in the study period, 129 (5 %) were macrosomic, maternal age was 31 to 40 years in the 58 %, the usual weight of 70 to 99 kg in the 81 %, 65% and multiparity prolonged pregnancy 7 %. The 53% was born by vaginal birth and 47 per cent by cesarean section. The predominant sex was female with 62 %, the Apgar score average between 7 and 10 to minute represented 93 %, the gestational age by physical exam (Test of Capurro) was 37 to 41 weeks in93% of the cases. With regard to birth weight 99.2 % weight between 4.000 and 4.999 gr, 0.8 % weight more than 5.000 gr.(Average Weight 4.194 gr, minimum 4.000 gr, maximum 5.180 gr). Neonatal morbidity represented 30 %. We had no neonatal mortality. The main complications were: 5% hyperbilirubinemia, 2% perinatal hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and 8% 15% obstetric trauma .Conclusions: The prevalence of macrosomia was 5 %, the associated maternal factors were: the maternal age greater than 30 years and the average weight of the usual mother greater than 70 Kg, multiparity and prolonged pregnancy. The predominant sex was female. There was no significant difference in regard to route of completion of the birth . The main complications were: obstetric trauma (cephalohematoma, caput sucedaneum and clavicle fracture), hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycemia. (AU)